Electrochemical immunosensor based on self-assembled gold nanorods for label-free and sensitive determination of Staphylococcus aureus

An electrochemical immunosensor based on self-assembled gold nanorods on glassy carbon electrode was developed for label-free and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The gold nanorods were firstly assembled on the electrode surface by using poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) as the linkers, followed by the functionlization of anti -S. aureus antibodies. The immobilized antibodies on self-assembled gold nanorods could efficiently capture S. aureus to the modified electrode by the specific immune reaction, which clearly blocked the electron transfer of electrochemical probes on the electrode surface due to the resistance of S. aureus. Atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to verify the stepwise assembly of the immunosensor fabrication. The immunosensor could detect S. aureus in a linear range from 1.8 x 10(3) to 1.8 x 10(7) CFU mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 2.4 x 10(2) CFU mL(-1). Furthermore, the designed electrochemical immunosensor was successfully used to determine S. aureus in milk samples with acceptable results. The proposed immunosensor could be further expanded to sensitive detect other pathogens with the addition of specific antibodies.