期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY
卷 35, 期 3, 页码 323-333出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/1945892420957853
关键词
anosmia; hyposmia; smell dysfunction; olfactory dysfunction; post-viral olfactory dysfunction; coronavirus; SARS; influenza; respiratory syncytial virus; herpes simplex virus; neuropathology
This study reviewed existing primary literature related to post-viral olfactory dysfunction, highlighting the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and future research directions, emphasizing the relevance to the current COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that viral effects on the olfactory system vary significantly based on viral substrain, generally involving damage or alteration in components of the olfactory epithelium and/or the olfactory bulb.
Background Post-viral olfactory dysfunction is a common cause of both short- and long-term smell alteration. The coronavirus pandemic further highlights the importance of post-viral olfactory dysfunction. Currently, a comprehensive review of the neural mechanism underpinning post-viral olfactory dysfunction is lacking. Objectives To synthesize the existing primary literature related to olfactory dysfunction secondary to viral infection, detail the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, highlight relevance for the current COVID-19 pandemic, and identify high impact areas of future research. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched to identify studies reporting primary scientific data on post-viral olfactory dysfunction. Results were supplemented by manual searches. Studies were categorized into animal and human studies for final analysis and summary. Results A total of 38 animal studies and 7 human studies met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. There was significant variability in study design, experimental model, and outcome measured. Viral effects on the olfactory system varies significantly based on viral substrain but generally include damage or alteration in components of the olfactory epithelium and/or the olfactory bulb. Conclusions The mechanism of post-viral olfactory dysfunction is highly complex, virus-dependent, and involves a combination of insults at multiple levels of the olfactory pathway. This will have important implications for future diagnostic and therapeutic developments for patients infected with COVID-19.
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