期刊
ADVANCED MATERIALS
卷 32, 期 42, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003013
关键词
macrophages; non-immunogenic properties; stealth microrobots; two-photon polymerization; zwitterionic materials
类别
资金
- Max Planck Society
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Federal Ministry for Education and Research of Germany
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- European Social Fund [2019 FI_B2 00165]
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades of Spain [RTI2018-094734-B-C22]
- AGAUR (Generalitat de Catalunya) [SGR 2017 1559]
- European Research Council (ERC) [834531]
Microrobots offer transformative solutions for non-invasive medical interventions due to their small size and untethered operation inside the human body. However, they must face the immune system as a natural protection mechanism against foreign threats. Here, non-immunogenic stealth zwitterionic microrobots that avoid recognition from immune cells are introduced. Fully zwitterionic photoresists are developed for two-photon polymerization 3D microprinting of hydrogel microrobots with ample functionalization: tunable mechanical properties, anti-biofouling and non-immunogenic properties, functionalization for magnetic actuation, encapsulation of biomolecules, and surface functionalization for drug delivery. Stealth microrobots avoid detection by macrophage cells of the innate immune system after exhaustive inspection (>90 hours), which has not been achieved in any microrobotic platform to date. These versatile zwitterionic materials eliminate a major roadblock in the development of biocompatible microrobots, and will serve as a toolbox of non-immunogenic materials for medical microrobot and other device technologies for bioengineering and biomedical applications.
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