Silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery: indications, complications, new developments and alternative long-term tamponade agents

Silicone oil (SO) has been used as a long-term tamponade agent in the treatment of complicated vitreoretinal diseases for about half a century, during which time many advances in surgical techniques and technologies have been made. This review summarizes the chemical and physical properties of SO, its indications and complications, including particularly emulsification. The mechanisms and risk factors for emulsification are discussed, as well as novel strategies for its effective removal. Finally, the review focuses on new improved formulations of SO, including research into slow-release pharmacological agents within SO and provides an overview of alternatives to SO for the purpose of long-term tamponade that are being developed.

Automated summary

This review provides an overview of the use of silicone oil as a long-term tamponade agent in the treatment of complicated vitreoretinal diseases. It covers the chemical and physical properties of silicone oil, its indications and complications, particularly emulsification, as well as the mechanisms and risk factors for emulsification and strategies for its effective removal. The review also explores new formulations of silicone oil, including research into slow-release pharmacological agents within silicone oil, and alternatives being developed for long-term tamponade.