Effects of Mobile Use on Subjective Sleep Quality

Purpose: The objective of this study was to find out the association between mobile use and physiological parameters of poor sleep quality. It also aimed to find out the prevalence of mobile-related sleep risk factors (MRSRF) and their effects on sleep in mobile users. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1925 students (aged 17-23yrs) from multiple Colleges of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The study tools used were Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and MRSRF online questionnaires. Results: The mean age (+/- SD) of participants was 19.91 +/- 2.55 years. Average mobile screen usage time was 8.57 +/- 4.59/24 hours, whereas average mobile screen usage time in the bed after the lights have been turned off was 38.17 +/- 11.7 minutes. Only 19.7% of subjects used airplane mode, while 70% kept the mobile near the pillow while sleeping. The blue light filter feature was used by only 4.2% of the participants. Screen usage time of >= 8 hours was positively correlated with sleep disturbances and decrease in the length of actual sleeping time (p =0.023 and 0.022). Using the mobile for at least 30 minutes (without blue light filter) after the lights have been turned off' showed positive correlation with poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, sleep disturbances and increased sleep latency (p= 0.003, 0.004 and 0.001). Keeping the mobile near the pillow while sleeping was also positively correlated with daytime sleepiness, sleep disturbances and increased sleep latency (p =0.003, 0.004 and 0.001). Conclusion: This study concludes that using mobile screen >= 8 hours/24 hours, using the mobile for at least 30 minutes before sleeping after the lights have been turned off and keeping the mobile near the pillow are positively associated with poor sleep quality. Moreover, we observed that MRSRF were highly prevalent amongst the mobile users.