Improvement of extraction and concentration method for polyunsaturated fatty acid production from Nile tilapia processing waste

In this current study, the economical and environmentally friendly method of extraction and concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) from Nile tilapia waste was improved. First, Nile tilapia waste was collected and characterized. Lyophilized Nile tilapia had a 30.3% lipid content, which was suitable for oil extraction and PUFA concentration. After extraction and concentration, Nile tilapia waste oil (TWO) concentrated withPseudomonas fluorescenslipase gave an acceptable peroxide and acid value of fish oils for human consumption. Fatty acid composition was also evaluated. After enzymatic concentration, PUFA increased dramatically. A high percentage of PUFA (59.0%) and the ratio of fatty acids n-6/n-3 (1.2) indicates good nutritional values of enzymatically concentrated TWO. Moreover, the optimization study of enzymatic concentration was evaluated to increase quality of TWO. A concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was determined. A high concentration of EPA+DHA was obtained whenP. fluorescens(3.6%) andThermomyces lanuginosa(5.3%) lipases were applied. The highest EPA and DHA content (6.0%) was observed with 0.1 g of immobilizedT. lanuginosalipase per 2 g oil after an 18-h reaction time. Similar conditions were also preferred when usingP. fluorescenslipase; however, only 4.0% EPA and DHA were observed. This is the first report on PUFA concentration from Nile tilapia waste using a one-step extraction and saponification in combination with enzymatic concentration. Notably, this method is expected to be a more economically possible technique for large-scale production and allows the possibility of using Nile tilapia waste as substrate for PUFA concentration.

Automated summary

This study improved the economical method of extracting and concentrating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) from Nile tilapia waste. By enzymatic concentration, PUFA content increased and showed good nutritional values. The method is expected to be economically viable for large-scale production and utilizes Nile tilapia waste as substrate for PUFA concentration.