Single-Mode Modified Tapered Fiber Structure Functionalized With GO-PVA Composite Layer for Relative Humidity Sensing

A sensitive tapered optical fiber sensor incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite film for the rapid measurement of changes in relative humidity was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensing principle was based on the intensity modulation of the transmitted light induced by the refractive index changes of the sensitive coatings. The sensing region was obtained by tapering a section of single-mode optical fiber (SMF) from its original 125 mu m diameter down to 9.03 mu m. The tapered structure was then modified through deposition of GO/PVA nanocomposites by using the dip-coating technique. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of the composite film. As evidenced by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, the presence of oxygen functional groups (such as -OH and COOH) on the GO structure enabled the attachment of PVA molecules through hydrogen bonding and strong adhesion between GO/PVA layers. The performance of the sensor was tested over a wide range (20%RH to 99.9%RH) of relative humidity. The sensor showed a good response with its signal increasing linearly with the surrounding humidity. The tapered optical fiber sensor with the coating of GO/0.3g PVA achieved the highest sensitivity [0.5290RH (%)]. The stability, repeatability, reversibility, as well as response time of the designated sensor were also measured and analyzed.

Automated summary

A sensitive tapered optical fiber sensor incorporating graphene oxide and polyvinyl alcohol composite film for rapid measurement of changes in relative humidity was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor showed a good response with its signal increasing linearly with the surrounding humidity, achieving the highest sensitivity with a specific coating. The study also measured and analyzed the stability, repeatability, reversibility, and response time of the designated sensor.