Composition and design of nanofibrous scaffolds of Mg/Se- hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide @ ε-polycaprolactone for wound healing applications

Tailoring of appropriate nanofibrous scaffold for wound healing applications is required strongly to develop people's health care system. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets containing co-substitution of Mg/Se-hydroxyapatite (HAP) were involved in epsilon-polycaprolactone (PCL) to be produced in nanofibrous scaffolds. The structural properties of both powder and nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized using XRD, while the morphological behavior was investigated via FESEM. The calculated lattice parameters indicated that HAP tends to grow in the c-axis to form rod shapes which were in the range of 0.7 mu m in case of no contribution of GO as observed from FESEM micrographs. The networked nanofibrous scaffold possesses diameters around 0.15-0.92 mu m at zero contribution of GO, while the diameters were categorized into two groups in a range of 0.2-0.42 mu m and 1.25-1.67 mu m at the highest GO concertation. The mechanical properties of the nanofibrous scaffold were investigated and showed that the fracture toughness was enhanced from 0.66 +/- 0.12 MJ/m(3) to be 3.10 +/- 0.21 MJ/m(3), while fracture strength was developed from 0.81 +/- 0.22 MPa to 4.4 +/- 0.45 MPa at the lowest and highest GO, respectively. The interaction between nanofibrous scaffolds and human fibroblasts cell line was investigated in-vitro and illustrated that cells were spread and proliferated not only on the surface of fibers, but cells also grew deeply through the porosity of scaffold. The spreading of cells was affected strongly by the compositional constituents. Therefore, the fabricating of nanofibrous scaffolds with desired behaviors towards the biological environment could be done via controlling in compositional components. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.