Enhancement of Chemical Stability and Dermal Delivery ofCordyceps militarisExtracts by Nanoemulsion

This study aimed to develop nanoemulsions for enhancing chemical stability and dermal delivery ofCordyceps militarisextracts.C. militariswas extracted by maceration and infusion. The extracts were investigated for cordycepin, phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was investigated by in vitro spectrophotometric methods. The irritation profile was investigated by hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane test. Nanoemulsions were developed using high-pressure homogenizer.C. militarisextract was incorporated into the nanoemulsion and investigated for safety, release profile, permeation, and skin retention. The results demonstrated that water extract (CW) contained the significantly highest content of cordycepin, phenolics, and flavonoids, which were responsible for antioxidant activity. CW was the most potent antioxidant. CW possessed comparable 2,2 '-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition tol-ascorbic acid (96.9 +/- 3.1%) and alpha-tocopherol (87.2 +/- 1.0%). Consequently, ten mg/mL of CW was incorporated into nanoemulsions composing of sugar squalene, Tween(R)85, and deionized water. Nanoemulsion, which had the smallest internal droplet size (157.1 +/- 2.6 nm), enhanced the stability of CW, had no cytotoxicity effect and no skin irritation, released the most CW (0.9 +/- 0.0%w/wafter 24 h), and delivered the highest CW into the skin layer (33.5 +/- 0.7%w/w). Therefore, nanoemulsion was suggested for enhancing the stability and dermal delivery of CW.