期刊
GENES
卷 11, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/genes11060624
关键词
T cell receptor; TRG locus; TRG genes; immunogenomics; evolution; mammals; IMGT
资金
- University of Bari
- University of Salento
- Salvaguardia di piccoli pelagici: una pesca sostenibile ed innovativa nel Basso Adriatico-SALV.ADRI, finanziato nell'ambito dell'Avviso Pubblico del Fondo Europeo per gli A ffari Marittimi e per la Pesca (FEAMP) 2014/2020 alla Misura alla 1.26 Innovazio [UE 508/2014]
T lymphocytes are the principal actors of vertebrates' cell-mediated immunity. Like B cells, they can recognize an unlimited number of foreign molecules through their antigen-specific heterodimer receptors (TRs), which consist of alpha beta or gamma delta chains. The diversity of the TRs is mainly due to the unique organization of the genes encoding the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta chains. For each chain, multi-gene families are arranged in a TR locus, and their expression is guaranteed by the somatic recombination process. A great plasticity of the gene organization within the TR loci exists among species. Marked structural differences affect the TR gamma (TRG) locus. The recent sequencing of multiple whole genome provides an opportunity to examine the TR gene repertoire in a systematic and consistent fashion. In this review, we report the most recent findings on the genomic organization of TRG loci in mammalian species in order to show differences and similarities. The comparison revealed remarkable diversification of both the genomic organization and gene repertoire across species, but also unexpected evolutionary conservation, which highlights the important role of the T cells in the immune response.
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