Graphene Aerogels for In Situ Synthesis of Conductive Poly(para-phenylenediamine) Polymers, and Their Sensor Application

In this study, macroporous graphene aerogels (GAs) were synthesized by chemical reduction of graphene oxide sheets and were used as a support material for in situ synthesis of conductive poly(para-phenylenediamine) (p(p-PDA)). The in situ synthesis of p(p-PDA) in GA was carried out by using a simple oxidation polymerization technique. Moreover, the prepared conductive p(p-PDA) polymers in the networks of GAs were doped with various types of acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), respectively. The prepared GA and different acid-doped forms as GA/p(p-PDA) composites were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, and conductivity measurements. The observed FT-IR peaks at 1574 cm(-1), and 1491 cm(-1), for stretching deformations of quinone and benzene, respectively, confirmed the in situ synthesis of P(p-PDA) polymers within GAs. The conductivity of GAs with 2.17 x 10(-4)+/- 3.15 x 10(-5)S center dot cm(-1)has experienced an approximately 250-fold increase to 5.16 x 10(-2)+/- 2.72 x 10(-3)S center dot cm(-1)after in situ synthesis of p(p-PDA) polymers and with HCl doping. Conductivity values for different types of acid-doped GA/p(p-PDA) composites were compared with the bare p(p-PDA) and their undoped forms. Moreover, the changes in the conductivity of GA and GA/p(p-PDA) composites upon CO(2)gas exposure were compared and their sensory potential in terms of response and sensitivity, along with reusability in CO(2)detection, were evaluated.