The Layered Oxides in Lithium and Sodium-Ion Batteries: A Solid-State Chemistry Approach

This paper gives an overview of the research carried out on lithium and sodium layered materials as positive electrodes of lithium (sodium)-ion batteries. It focuses on the solid-state chemistry contribution to discover new materials and to optimize the properties versus the requirements imposed by the applications. Among, all material structures, which are considered, the layered ones (lithium based), are the best candidates for high energy density batteries for mobile applications. Recently, the homologous Na materials, which have lower energy, are considered for stationary applications due to their low price. Starting for LiMO(2)materials or NaxMO2(0.5 < 1), many substituted phases, obtained by high-temperature solid-state chemistry, have allowed stabilizing the layered structure in large composition domains to increase the specific capacity, which is directly related to the number of exchanged electrons during the cycling process.

Automated summary

This paper provides an overview of research on lithium and sodium layered materials as positive electrodes in lithium (sodium)-ion batteries, focusing on the solid-state chemistry's role in discovering new materials and optimizing properties for different applications. Layered structures, especially lithium-based ones, are considered as the best candidates for high energy density batteries for mobile applications. Through high-temperature solid-state chemistry, many substituted phases have been obtained to stabilize the layered structure and increase the specific capacity.