Predictors of adverse pathology on radical prostatectomy specimen in men initially enrolled in active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer

Purpose To evaluate clinical variables, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predictive of adverse pathology (AP) at radical prostatectomy (RP) in men initially enrolled in active surveillance (AS). Methods A population-based cohort study of men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa), in Stockholm County, Sweden, during 2008-2017 enrolled in AS their intended primary treatment followed by RP. AP was defined as ISUP grade group >= 3 and/or pT-stage >= T3. Association between clinical variables at diagnosis and time to AP was evaluated using Cox regression and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the association between AP and clinical variables at last biopsy before RP. Results In a cohort of 6021 patients with low-risk PCa, 3116 were selected for AS and 216 underwent RP. Follow-up was 10 years, with a median time on AS of 23 months. 37.7% of patients had AP at RP. Clinical T-stage [Hazard ratio (HR): 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.18] and PSA (HR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.17-1.46) at diagnosis and age [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.18), PSA (OR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.41), and PI-RADS (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11-2.55)] at last re-biopsy were significantly associated with AP. Conclusion PI-RADS score is significantly associated with AP at RP and support current guidelines recommending MRI before enrollment in AS. Furthermore, age, cT-stage, and PSA are significantly associated with AP.

Automated summary

The study aimed to evaluate clinical variables, including MRI, for predicting adverse pathology at RP in men initially enrolled in AS. Age, clinical T-stage, PSA, and PI-RADS score were found to be significantly associated with adverse pathology at RP.