Electrospinning approach for nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds; recent advances and innovations

Background: Electrospinning is an approach relying on the processing of (bio)polymeric solutions/melts over high electrical voltages to generate fibrous micro/nano-structures of proper nature; with post optimization of process variables. Scope and approach: The present study will offer an overview on recent advancements in electrospinning-based fabrication of nanocarriers for nanoencapsulation of different bioactive components. The main principles, instrumental set-up, pros and cons of electrospinning approach, its updated status, plus pivotal process parameters influencing fiber characteristics are dealt in detail. Also, recent studies on bioactive-loaded electrospun nanofibers produced by various polymers/biopolymers and through different electrospinning techniques have been covered. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of electrospun fibrous mats for encapsulation of food bioactive ingredients has been discussed. Key findings and conclusions: In virtue of its flexibility and simplicity, electrospinning technique can be utilized to develop fibrilar structures of meticulous configuration, morphology, and size; offering benefits such as well-ordered release mechanisms, modified dissolution rates, improved thermal/physicochemical stability, taste masking of bioactive agents, and many more. The critical features of the (bio)polymers, i.e., their biocompatibility, degradation behavior, as well as mechanical attributes are some crucial issues to take into account when the resulting electrospun fibers are utilized for food/pharmaceutical applications. By the accurate choice of either the formulation ingredients or the processing circumstances, nanocarriers based on electrospun fibers have extended novel horizons in the delivery of bioactive ingredients to develop novel formulations.