Development and characterization of antibacterial hydroxyapatite coated with mangosteen extract for bone tissue engineering

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has recently attracted increased interest as a promising material with a wide variety of biomedical applications in orthopedics and dentistry. Meanwhile, bone tissue engineering has not been widely adopted in clinical practice because of the prevalence of postoperative infections. Therefore, enhancing the potential of HAp with antimicrobial agents would be an optional way of preventing bacteria persistence in chronic or long-term infections. Xanthone substance obtained as a mangosteen (MG) extract inhibited a broad spectrum of bacteria that slowed recovery of injury and wounds. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphology of MG-coated HAp granules, whereas in vitro studies tested the antibacterial susceptibility of bacterial strains usually involved in wound infection. MG-coated HAp granules strongly inhibited bacterial growth with a clear zone after 24 h in time-kill tests. Cytotoxicity was investigated to assess the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells. Results indicated positive mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. MG-coated HAp granules were successfully produced and showed potential for bone tissue engineering applications. [GRAPHICS] .

Automated summary

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has potential for various biomedical applications, and enhancing its antimicrobial properties could prevent bacterial persistence in chronic infections. Xanthone substance from mangosteen extract effectively inhibited bacterial growth on HAp granules and showed positive results in cytotoxicity studies, suggesting potential for bone tissue engineering applications.