Effects of different titanium zirconium implant surfaces on initial supragingival plaque formation

ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was the evaluation of biofilm development on different implant surfaces. Material and MethodsInitial biofilm formation was investigated on five different implant surfaces, machined titanium (MTi), modified machined acid-etched titanium (modMATi), machined titanium zirconium (MTiZr), modified machined and acid-etched titanium zirconium (modMATiZr) and sandblasted large grid and acid-etched titanium zirconium surface (SLATiZr) for 24 and 48h. Biocompatibility was tested after tooth brushing of the samples via cell viability testing with human gingival fibroblasts. ResultsAfter 24h of biofilm collection, mean plaque surface was detected in the following descending order: After 24h: MTiZr>MTi>SLATiZr>modMATiZr>modMATi. Both M surfaces showed significant higher biofilm formation than the other groups. After 48h: MTiZr>MTi>SLATiZr>modMATiZr>modMATi. After tooth brushing: SLATiZr>modMATi>modMATiZr>MTi>MTiZr. All native samples depicted significant higher cell viability than their corresponding surfaces after biofilm removal procedure. ConclusionsThe TiZr groups especially the modMATiZr group showed slower and less biofilm formation. In combination with the good biocompatibility, both modMA surfaces seem to be interesting candidates for surfaces in transgingival implant design.