期刊
NUTRITION JOURNAL
卷 19, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00578-0
关键词
Asthma; High fructose corn syrup; Excess free fructose; Apple juice; Juice; Fructositis; Fructose; Soda; Soft drinks; Fruit drinks; Advanced glycation end-products; AGE; FruAGE; Microbiome; RAGE; FODMAP
Background: Recent research provides consistent evidence that the unexplained doubling of childhood asthma prevalence (1980-1995), its continued climb and 2013 plateau, may be associated with the proliferation of high-fructose-corn-syrup (HFCS) in the US food supply. The HFCS used in soft drinks has been shown to contain a higher fructose-to-glucose ratio than previously thought. This coincides with a preference shift from orange to apple juice among young children. Apple juice naturally contains a high (>= 2:1) fructose-to-glucose ratio. Thus, children have received high excess-free-fructose doses, the fructose type associated with fructose malabsorption. Unabsorbed excess-free-fructose in the gut may react with dietary proteins to form immunogens that bind asthma mediating receptors, and/or alter the microbiota towards a profile linked to lung disorders. Studies with longitudinal childhood data are lacking. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that excess-free-fructose intake is associated with childhood asthma risk. Methods: Cox regression models were used to analyze prospective early childhood data (12-30 months of age) from the National Children's Study. Intake frequencies for soda/sports/fruit drinks, and 100% juices were used for analyses. Results: Greater consumption of 100% juice, soda/sports/fruit drinks, and any combination, was associated with similar to two (P = 0.001), similar to 2.5 (P = 0.001), and similar to 3.5 times (P < 0.0001) higher asthma incidence. Conclusions: Given these results, prior research and case-study evidence, it is reasonable to suggest that the twofold higher asthma risk associated with 100% juice consumption is due to apple juice's high fructose-to-glucose ratio, and that the similar to 2.5/similar to 3.5 times higher risk associated with soda/sports/fruit drinks intake is with the excess-free-fructose in HFCS.
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