期刊
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
卷 29, 期 15, 页码 2824-2839出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mec.15528
关键词
Ciliophora; deep-sea; DNA metabarcoding; global ocean; plankton size-fractioning; protists
资金
- [CSD2008-00077]
- [CTM2016-75083-R]
Ciliates are globally distributed eukaryotic organisms inhabiting virtually all environments on Earth. Although ciliates range from 10 mu m to a few millimetres in cell size, they are repeatedly reported in the pico-sized fraction (<2-3 mu m) of molecular surveys. Here, we used existing data sets (BioMarKs and Tara Oceans) with different size fractions to demonstrate that the ciliate pico-sized signal, probably derived from cell breakage during filtration, is informative and reliable to study marine ciliate biodiversity and biogeography. We then used sequences from the pico-eukaryotic fraction of two circumnavigation expeditions, Malaspina-2010 and Tara Oceans, to give insights into the taxonomic composition and horizontal and vertical distribution of ciliates in the global ocean. The results suggested a high homogeneity of ciliate communities along the ocean surface from temperate to tropical waters, with ciliate assemblages dominated by a few abundant and widely distributed taxa. Very few taxa were found in a single oceanic region, therefore suggesting a high level of ciliate cosmopolitanism in the global ocean. In vertical profiles, ciliates were detected up to 4,000 m depth, and a clear vertical community structuring was observed. Our results provided evidence supporting ciliates as deeply integrated organisms in the deep-sea trophic web, where they may play a relevant role as symbionts of metazoans and grazers of prokaryotes and small eukaryotes in the water column and in aggregates.
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