Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Broiler Liver in the Center of Algeria, with Detection of CTX-M-55 and B2/ST131-CTX-M-15 in Escherichia coli

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and multidrug-resistant (MDR)Escherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolates from 136 broiler livers randomly purchased in 136 retail markets in Djelfa (Algeria). Isolation was performed on Hektoen agar and bacterial identification was carried out by API20E system and Maldi-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Detection of ESBLs and other resistance and integron genes, phylogenetic grouping, and molecular typing was performed by PCR and sequencing. Seventy-eight isolates (one per positive sample) were recovered: 73E. coli and 5K. pneumoniae. AmongE. coli , 86.3% of isolates were MDR. ESBL activity was revealed in eightE. coli and fiveK. pneumoniae isolates (rates of 5.9% and 3.7% in analyzed samples, respectively). ESBL genes detected amongE. coli were as follows (number of isolates):bla(CTX-M-15)(3),bla(CTX-M-1)(3),bla(CTX-M-55)(1), andbla(SHV-12)(1); all ESBL-producing K. pneumoniaeisolates carried thebla(CTX-M-15)gene. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were assigned to lineages (phylogroup/sequence type and number of isolates in parenthesis): A/ST48 (1), B1/ST6448 (1), B1/ST5087 (3), B1/ST23 (1), and B2/ST131 (twobla(CTX-M-15)E. coli isolates).K. pneumoniaeisolates were ascribed to sequence types ST2010 and ST3483. Regarding the 65 non-ESBLE. coli isolates, the most observed resistance genes were as follows:tet(A) (75%),bla(TEM)(57.1%), andsul2(43.5%). Class1 integrons were revealed in seven non-ESBLE. coli isolates (10.7%) and two gene-cassette arrays were identified:dfrA1 andaadA1+dfrA1. Our study provides evidence that broiler-derived food from Center of Algeria constitutes a source of ESBL and/or MDR-producing Enterobacteriaceae, with detection of relevant ESBL genes and epidemic clones.

Automated summary

This study investigated the prevalence and diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from broiler livers purchased in retail markets in Djelfa, Algeria. The results showed a high percentage of MDR E. coli isolates and the presence of ESBL genes, especially bla(CTX-M-15). Overall, the study suggests that broiler-derived food from Central Algeria is a potential source of ESBL and/or MDR-producing Enterobacteriaceae.