Characterization of phytochemical composition and bioactivity assessment ofPseudotrachydium kotschyiessential oils

Pseudotrachydium kotschyiis a native medicinal plant used as a local medicine from Lorestan province of western Iran having numerous biological properties. After GC-MS analysis ofPseudotrachydium kotschyiessential oils (PKEOs), some biological activities were investigated. Additionally, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 were studied inLeishmania-infected macrophages (in vitro) and Carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Finally, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing potential of PKEOs were investigated in vivo in mice. Total components identified by GC-MS contained 53 molecules, among which Z-alpha-trans-Bergamotol (23.25%), Durylaldehyde (16.07%), and alpha-Bergamotene (10.48%) existed in the highest amount in PKEOs. Antimicrobial assay of PKEOs showed maximum growth inhibition againstListeria monocytogenesandKluyveromyces marxianusat the dose of 625 mu g/ml. PKEOs exhibited a high cytotoxicity on lung cancer cell line A549 at a dose of 4 mg/ml. Anti-Leishmaniaactivity of PKEOs showed concentration of 5000 mu g/ml that had similar potency of glucantime at 125 mu g/ml. The highest anti-inflammatory effect of PKEOs for Carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed at 100 concentrations, with paw inflammation reduced by 83.70% after using PKEO ointment. The present study reports broad-spectrum biological functions for essential oil fromP. kotschyi. However, these biological activities, including anti-proliferative, anti-Leishmania, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and wound-healing potential, were not studied in detail. Therefore, it may be attractive for investigating the detailed mechanistic and molecular aspects of biological activities of PKEOs. Considering that the present study is the first to report the biological activity ofP. kotschyi, further studies on their metabolites are needed to replicate the present findings. [GRAPHICS] .