Association Between Bone Mineral Density and Nutritional Status, Body Composition and Bone Metabolism in Older Adults

Purpose To identify an association between bone mineral density (BMD) and nutritional status, body composition and bone metabolism in older patients. Methods Cross-sectional study, involving older adults, with osteopenia/osteoporosis and with normal BMD. The mineral density of the lumbar spine from L1 to L4 and the proximal region of the femur was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Biochemical analyzes were performed of 25(OH)-D, calcium and parathormone. Weight, knee height, and abdominal (AC), mid-upper arm (MUAC) and calf (CC) circumferences were measured. The percentage of body fat (%BF) and Fat-Free Mass (FFM) were quantified by electrical bioimpedance analysis. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The statistical analysis used bivariate and multivariate, parametric and/or non-parametric tests, and was considered significant when p Results Of the total 51 older adults assessed, 30 of them (58.8%) were diagnosed with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Body weight (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.001), % BF (p = 0.030) and serum concentrations of 25(OH)-D (p = 0.003) were higher in the group without changes in BMD. BMI and serum levels of 25(OH)-D demonstrated a positive correlation with the BMD of all bone compartments and the AC displayed a positive correlation with the lumbar vertebrae. In the logistic regression models, adjusted for sex and age, the BMI and the serum concentration of 25(OH)-D were presented as a protective factor against osteopenia/osteoporosis. Conclusions Higher body weight, BMI, AC and %BF, and sufficient serum levels of vitamin D, were shown to be promoters of BMD.

Automated summary

The study identified a positive association between higher body weight, BMI, AC, %BF, and adequate serum vitamin D levels with increased bone mineral density. In older adults, BMI and serum 25(OH)-D levels were protective factors against osteopenia/osteoporosis.