Effects and interactions of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.), potato peel flour, and beef fat on quality characteristics of beef patties studied by response surface methodology

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of roselle extract (0%-1%), potato peel flour (0%-2%), and beef fat (0%-15%) on physicochemical properties (instrumental color, pH, cooking properties, and texture profile analysis), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC), and total phenols in beef patties using response surface methodology. Addition of roselle extract increased the antioxidant capacity and total phenols, but decreased pH, instrumental color, cooking yield, moisture retention, springiness, and cohesivity. The addition of potato peel increasedb* value, hardness, cooking yield, and moisture retention but decreased springiness, and cohesivity (p < .05). The resulting optimal formula included 0.61% of roselle extract, 1.27% of potato peel flour, and 3.04% of beef fat. The use of these nontraditional ingredients to develop low-fat beef patties, with antioxidant capacity and without loss of physicochemical quality, could provide an alternative for health-conscious consumers. Practical applications The increase in consumer awareness for health and disease prevention opens a new market to modified meat products with healthier ingredients. New meat products can be designed by improving their nutritional profile either by reducing fat content and/or adding new ingredients, such as roselle extract and potato peel. However, the challenge for the meat industry is not easy because this kind of product should maintain traditional quality and an accessible cost. The objective of this research was to assess the effects of roselle extract, potato peel flour, and beef fat on physicochemical and antioxidant properties using response surface methodology. Roselle extract decreased physicochemical characteristics but increased antioxidant properties while potato peel showed an opposite effect. The models developed in this study could be used by the food processor to optimize the quality characteristics of beef patties as a function of roselle extract, potato peel, and beef fat.