Development of electroanalytical procedure for monitoring of metamizole in organic fertilizers (human urine and struvite) associated with portable equipment

Urine and struvite are promising organic fertilizers that can replace conventional fertilizers. However, these fertilizers can have some emerging contaminants, such as dipyrone. This drug is one of the main painkillers consumed in the world and its continuous and indiscriminate intake can promote the camouflage of symptoms of other diseases, anaphylactic shock and even death. Thus, a fast, sensitive, inexpensive and portable method for metamizole (dipyrone) determination in several matrices, applied as organic fertilizers, has been successfully developed using portable equipment and bare carbon screen-printed electrodes in conjunction with square wave voltammetry (SWV). The main SWV operating parameters were optimized (equilibrium time (60 s), step potential (6 mV), modulation amplitude (50 mV) and frequency (10 Hz)) using univariate experiments. The proposed method presented a limit of detection of 0.097 + 0.002 mu mol L-1 (RSD = 2.72%, n = 3) for dipyrone in 0.1 mol L-1 HCl and R2 equal to 0.993. The determination in the struvite sample presented a concentration of 0.47 mu mol L-1 of dipyrone. Urine sample used in the production of struvite and urine collected from an individual 10h after ingestion of 500 mg dipyrone tablet showed concentrations of 15.2 and 590 mu mol L-1 of dipyrone, respectively. The recovery test in fortified struvite sample showed values between 91 and 102% (RSD = 3.1%, n = 3) and of 102% (SD = 3.7%, n = 3) in human urine, indicating that there is no matrix effect. These results reinforce the possibility of applying the proposed method on-site in a practical and fast way, without the need of significant amounts of sample promoting a more sustainable chemistry.