Critical success factors of green innovation: Technology, organization and environment readiness

Many organizations carry out green innovation for sustainable development, but not all are successful. Based on the technology-organization-environment framework, this study examines how prepared enterprises are for green innovation in terms of technology readiness, organization readiness, and environment readiness. It hypothesizes that the necessary and sufficient conditions along each dimension enable and facilitate green innovation, leading to competitive advantage through the mediation of environmental performance and firm performance. To test the research model, survey observations were collected from 340 companies in China. Supporting the hypothesized relationships, the results show that the necessary and sufficient conditions of all dimensions make significant but somewhat different contributions to the success of green innovation. The measurement instrument and research framework provide a self-assessment tool for organizations to strategize the preparation and implementation of green innovation for optimal sustainability outcomes. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.