Host Epigenetics in Intracellular Pathogen Infections

Some intracellular pathogens are able to avoid the defense mechanisms contributing to host epigenetic modifications. These changes trigger alterations tothe chromatin structure and on the transcriptional level of genes involved in the pathogenesis of many bacterial diseases. In this way, pathogens manipulate the host cell for their own survival. The better understanding of epigenetic consequences in bacterial infection may open the door for designing new vaccine approaches and therapeutic implications. This article characterizes selected intracellular bacterial pathogens, includingMycobacteriumspp.,Listeriaspp.,Chlamydiaspp.,Mycoplasmaspp.,Rickettsiaspp.,Legionellaspp. andYersiniaspp., which can modulate and reprogram of defense genes in host innate immune cells.