VOC breath biomarkers in lung cancer

This review provides an overview of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are considered lung cancer biomarkers for diagnostic breath analysis. It includes results of scientific publications from 1985 to 2015. The identified VOCs are listed and ranked according to their occurrence of nomination. The applied detection and sampling methods are specified but not evaluated. Possible reasons for the different results of the studies are stated. Among the most frequently emerging biomarkers are 2-butanone and 1-propanol as well as isoprene, ethyl benzene, styrene and hexanal. The outcome of this review may be helpful for the development of a lung cancer screening device. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.