When Machine Learning Meets Wireless Cellular Networks: Deployment, Challenges, and Applications

AI powered wireless networks promise to revolutionize the conventional operation and structure of current networks from network design to infrastructure management, cost reduction, and user performance improvement. Empowering future networks with AI functionalities will enable a shift from reactive/incident-driven operations to proactive/ data-driven operations. This article provides an overview on the integration of AI functionalities in 5G and beyond networks. Key factors for successful AI integration such as data, security, and explainable AI are highlighted. We also summarize the various types of network intelligence as well as machine-learning-based air interface in future networks. Use case examples for the application of AI to the wireless domain are then summarized. We highlight applications to the physical layer, mobility management, wireless security, and localization.