Pre-operative conjunctival flora in patients with local and/or systemic risk factors for post cataract surgery infection in Northern Italy

Purpose: To investigate the pre-operative conjunctival flora in patients undergoing cataract surgery with major local and/or systemic risk factors for developing post-operative infection. Methods: A total of 83 patients underwent bacterial culture and sensitivity testing of conjunctival swabs obtained from both eyes because of local risk factors at the pre-operative visit (i.e. chronic blepharitis, conjunctivitis, or lacrimal system disease), and/or systemic risk factors (i.e. autoimmune or skin disorders) for developing post-operative infection. If the swab was found positive, an antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed, and a specific antibiotic therapy was administered. Surgery was performed when a repeat conjunctival swab (after antibiotic treatment) showed negative cultures. Results: Cultures were found positive in 25.3% of patients.Staphylococcus aureus(18%) andStaphylococcus epidermidis(15%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. Gram-negative bacteria, includingPseudomonas aeruginosa, were present in nine cases (8%). Conclusion: Present results showed a low rate of swab positivity compared to previous published data, and slightly different microbial flora. The differences observed may be caused by geographical factors and/or to the specific characteristics of the subgroup of studied patients. Considering that the surface microbial flora is one of the major causes of endophthalmitis, this information may be useful in selecting antibacterial regimens to prevent serious ocular infections, and restrain the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance.

Automated summary

The study investigated the pre-operative conjunctival flora in cataract surgery patients with major risk factors for post-operative infection. Results showed a low positivity rate of swabs, with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most isolated microorganisms. Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were also present in a small percentage of cases.