The development of Coronavirus 3C-Like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors from 2010 to 2020

This review fully describes the coronavirus 3CL(pro) peptidomimetic inhibitors and nonpeptidic small molecule inhibitors developed from 2010 to 2020. Specifically, the structural characteristics, binding modes and SARs of these 3CL(pro) inhibitors are expounded in detail by division into two categories: peptidomimetic inhibitors mainly utilize electrophilic warhead groups to covalently bind the 3CLpro Cys145 residue and thereby achieve irreversible inhibition effects, whereas nonpeptidic small molecule inhibitors mainly interact with residues in the S1', S1, S2 and S4 pockets via hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds and van der Waals forces. Based on the emerging PROTAC technology and the existing 3CL(pro) inhibitors, 3CL(pro) PROTAC degraders are hypothesised to be next-generation anti-coronavirus drugs. (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.