Kaempferol separated fromCamellia oleiferameal by high-speed countercurrent chromatography for antibacterial application

Natural biologically active substances have received continuous attention for the potentially beneficial health properties against chronic diseases. In this study, bacteriostatic active substance fromCamellia oleiferameal, which is a major by-product of theCamelliaoil processing industry, were extracted with continuous phase change extraction (CPCE) method and separated by HSCCC. Compared with traditional extraction methods, CPCE possessed higher extraction efficiency. Two main substances were separated and purified (above 90.0%). The structure of them were further identified by UV, LC-ESI-MS-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR as flavonoids F2 kaempferol 3-O-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 6)]-beta-d-glucopyranoside and J2 kaempferol 3-O-[beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 6)]-beta-d-glucopyranoside for the first time inC. Oleiferameal. The results of antibacterial activity measurement showed that both compounds have excellent antibacterial activity. And the antibacterial stability of F2 were finally confirmed: F2 showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella enteriditis,Bacillus thuringiensis,Aspergillus nigerandRhizopus nigricans. Besides, F2 exhibited relatively high stable property even at high temperature, acid and metal ion solutions. The findings of this work suggest the possibility of employingC. oleiferameal as an attractive source of health-promoting compounds, and at the same time facilitate its high-value reuse and reduction of environmental burden.