UV Photolysis of Mono- and Dichloramine Using UV-LEDs as Radiation Sources: Photodecay Rates and Radical Concentrations

UV-LEDs with four characteristic wavelengths (255, 265, 285, and 300 nm) were used to investigate the wavelength-dependence of the photolysis of two inorganic chloramines (NH2Cl and NHCl2) and their subsequent radical formation. The fluence-based photodecay rates of NH2Cl decreased with increasing wavelength from 255 to 300 nm, while NHCl2 photodecay rates exhibited the opposite wavelength-dependence. The fluence-based photodecay rate of NH2Cl was comparable to that of NHCl2 at 255 nm, but was lower than NHCl2 at other tested wavelengths. The wavelength-dependence was more influenced by the molar absorption coefficient than the apparent/innate quantum yield and the lower photosensitivity was mainly attributed to the higher bond (N-Cl) dissociation energy (BDE) of NH2Cl than NHCl2. The steady-state concentrations of HO' and reactive chlorine species (e.g., Cl-2(center dot-), CIO center dot, and Cl-center dot) that were generated from the photolysis of NH2Cl and NHCl2 at different wavelengths were determined experimentally and compared with the simulated results by a kinetic model. UV photolysis of NHCl2 at 265, 285, and 300 nm generated higher concentrations of radicals (e.g., HO center dot, ClO center dot, Cl-center dot, and Cl-2(center dot)) than NH2Cl, while UV photolysis of NH2Cl at 255 nm generated higher concentrations of HO center dot, ClO center dot, and Cl-center dot but not Cl(2)(-center dot )than NHCl2. The findings of this study provide fundamental information to be used in selecting specific wavelengths of UV radiation for enhancing/optimizing NH2Cl/NHCl2 photodecay in swimming pools and radical generation for micropollutant abatement in drinking water treatment or potable water reuse.