Simultaneous removal of arsenic, cadmium, and lead from soil by iron-modified magnetic biochar

Effective and economically viable method to remove elevated metal(loid)s from farm and industrial lands remains a major challenge. In this study, magnetic biochar-based adsorbents with Fe3O4 particles embedded in a porous biochar matrix was synthesized via iron (Fe) treated biochar or thermal pyrolysis of Fe treated cedar sawdust. Application and separation of the adsorbent to a multi-contaminated soil slurry simultaneously removed 20-30% of arsenic, cadmium and lead within 24 h. Fast removal of multimetal(loid)s result from the decrease in all operationally defined fractions of metal(loid)s, not limited to the exchangeable fraction. The direct removal of arsenic-enriched soil particles was observed via micro X-ray fluorescence maps. Furthermore, through comparison of biochars with different production methods, it has been found that magnetization after pyrolysis treatment leads to stronger metals/metalloids adsorption with a higher q(e) (bound sorbate) than other treatments but pyrolysis after magnetization stabilized Fe oxides on the biochar surface, indicating a higher biochar recovery rate (similar to 65%), and thus a higher metal(loid)s removal efficiency. The stability of Fe oxides on the surface of biochar is the determining factor for the removal efficiency of metal(loid)s from soil. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.