Mechanisms, physiology, and recent research progress of gastric emptying

Gastric emptying refers to a process in which the stomach discharges its contents into the small intestine to further digest and absorb nutrients. Understanding the mechanisms of gastric emptying and relationships between food and individuals is of paramount importance for the design and manufacture of novel and healthy foods. For ethical and cost reasons, in vivo tests are not always possible. In vitro digestion models therefore play a key role in current exploration of gastric emptying. This review outlines the mechanisms and physiology of gastric emptying, including calories, viscosity, composition of the food, age and gender of the individual. In addition, recent progress on in vitro static and dynamic gastric digestion models and future research trends are included in this review.

Automated summary

Gastric emptying is a crucial process where the stomach releases its contents into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption, with factors such as calories, viscosity, food composition, age and gender playing important roles. In vitro digestion models are essential for studying gastric emptying when in vivo tests are not feasible, and progress in static and dynamic gastric digestion models are highlighted in this review to explore future research trends.