Hyperspectral imaging and 3D technologies for plant phenotyping: From satellite to close-range sensing

High-throughput phenotyping technologies in controlled environments or field conditions have proven to be extremely useful in unravelling key quantitative traits of plants for breeding. Among many plant phenotyping methods, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and three-dimensional (3D) sensing are the fastest growing and promising approaches for measuring multiple plant parameters. There are many types of HSI and 3D sensors available with each being designed for a specific purpose. Also, the same sensor could be set up and calibrated in different ways to measure different plant parameters on various platforms. This review aims to guide the use of HSI and 3D sensing technologies for plant phenotyping. It first introduces the preliminary knowledge of HSI and 3D sensing for plant phenotyping. In addition, it provides the detail of plant phenotyping using different HSI and 3D sensors on various platforms with different scales. Lastly, the problems and challenges of close-range HSI and 3D modelling of plants are discussed and potential solutions are suggested.