期刊
出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110701
关键词
Cortisol; 11-KT; Environmental sex determination; Sex reversal; Stress; Rearing density
资金
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [19H01162, 19H03048]
- FAPESP -Brazil [2013/17612-9]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19H01162, 19H03048] Funding Source: KAKEN
The pejerrey is an atherinopsid species from South America that presents a combination of genotypic and environmental (temperature-dependent) sex determination whereby low and high temperatures induce feminization and masculinization, respectively. Masculinization involves a heat-induced stress response leading to increased circulating cortisol and androgens. We tested whether crowding would elicit a similar response as high temperature and affect the sex ratios of pejerrey. Larvae with XX and XY genotypes were reared at 15, 62 and 250 larvae/L in 0.4, 1.6, and 6.4 L containers during a period considered critical for sex determination at 25 degrees C, a mixed-sex promoting temperature. Fish were analysed at 3-7 weeks for whole-body cortisol and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) titer and hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase (hsd11b2) mRNA transcript abundance, and after completion of gonadal sex differentiation (10-14 weeks) for determination of phenotypic and genotypic sex mismatches. Crowding was associated with depressed growth, higher cortisol and 11-KT titers, increased hsd11b2 transcription, and increased frequency of masculinization compared to intermediate and/or low rearing densities. Perceived crowding (by rearing in containers with mirror-finish, reflecting walls) also caused masculinization. These results suggest the possibility that other environmental factors besides temperature can also affect sex determination in pejerrey and that a stress response leading to increased cortisol and androgen levels, which is potentially perceived by the brain, may be a common feature among different forms of environmental sex determination in this species.
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