Efficacy and Safety of Albendazole in Hookworm-infected Preschool-aged Children, School-aged Children, and Adults in Cote d'Ivoire: A Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Dose-finding Trial

Background. Infections with hookworms affect about half a billion people worldwide. Recommended therapy includes 400 mg of albendazole, which is moderately efficacious. Higher doses have been rarely assessed. Methods. A randomized, controlled dose-finding trial was conducted in Cote d'Ivoire with the aim of recruiting 120 preschool-aged children (PSAC), 200 school-aged children (SAC), and 200 adults. Eligible PSAC were randomized 1:1:1 to 200 mg, 400 mg, or 600 mg of albendazole; the other age groups were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to placebo or 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, or 800 mg. The primary outcome was cure rates (CRs) assessed 14-21 days post-treatment by quadruplicate Kato-Katz thick smears. Hyperbolic E-max models were used to determine dose-response. Results. 38 PSAC, 133 SAC, and 196 adults were enrolled. In adults, predicted CRs increased with ascending doses of albendazole, with a CR of 74.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.6%-87.7%) in the 800-mg arm. Observed CRs increased with ascending doses of albendazole reaching a maximum of 94.1% (95% CI, 80.3%-99.3%). In SAC, the predicted dose-response curve increased marginally, with CRs ranging from 64.0% in the 200-mg arm to 76.0% in the 800-mg arm. Sample size in PSAC was considered too small to derive meaningful conclusions. 10.7% and 5.1% of participants reported any adverse event at 3 hours and 24 hours post-treatment, respectively. Conclusions. A single 800-mg albendazole dose provides higher efficacy against hookworm and is well tolerated in adults and should be considered for community-based strategies targeting adults. For PSAC and SAC, current recommendations suffice.

Automated summary

In adults, a single 800-mg albendazole dose provides higher efficacy against hookworm and is well tolerated, making it a potential option for community-based strategies targeting adults. Current recommendations suffice for preschool-aged children and school-aged children.