Fermionic Analogue of High Temperature Hawking Radiation in Black Phosphorus*

Time-periodic laser driving can create nonequilibrium states not accessible in equilibrium, opening new regimes in materials engineering and topological phase transitions. We report that black phosphorus (BP) exhibits spatially nonuniform topological Floquet-Dirac states under laser illumination, mimicking the gravity felt by fermionic quasiparticles in the same way as that for a Schwarzschild black hole (SBH). Quantum tunneling of electrons from a type-II Dirac cone (inside BH) to a type-I Dirac cone (outside BH) emits an SBH-like Planck radiation spectrum. The Hawking temperature T(H)obtained for a fermionic analog of BH in the bilayer BP is approximately 3 K, which is several orders of magnitude higher than that in previous works. Our work sheds light on increasing T(H)from the perspective of engineering 2D materials by time-periodic light illumination. The predicted SBH-like Hawking radiation, accessible in BP thin films, provides clues to probe analogous astrophysical phenomena in solids.