期刊
CHEMOSPHERE
卷 263, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127954
关键词
Disinfection byproducts; DBPs; Lemon; Boiling; Cytotoxicity
资金
- U.S. National Institutes of Health [T32 ES026568]
- C. Gus Glasscock, Jr. Endowed Fund for Excellence in Environmental Sciences in the College of Arts and Sciences at Baylor University, USA
The study investigated the use of lemon ascorbic acid to decrease Halo-DBPs in tap water by boiling after adding lemon. Results show that this method significantly reduced the concentration of harmful compounds and cytotoxicity in the water, offering a potential strategy to improve water safety.
Chlorine disinfection is required to inactivate pathogens in drinking water, but it inevitably generates potentially toxic halogenated disinfection byproducts (halo-DBPs). A previous study has reported that the addition of ascorbate to tap water before boiling could significantly decrease the concentration of overall halo-DBPs in the boiled water. Since the fruit lemon is rich in vitamin C (i.e., ascorbic acid), adding it to tap water followed by heating and boiling in an effort to decrease levels of halo-DBPs was investigated in this study. We examined three approaches that produce lemon water: (i) adding lemon to tap water at room temperature, termed Lemon; (ii) adding lemon to boiled tap water (at 100 degrees C) and then cooling to room temperature, termed Boiling + Lemon; and (iii) adding lemon to tap water then boiling and cooling to room temperature, termed Lemon + Boiling. The concentrations of total and individual halo-DBPs in the resultant water samples were quantified with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and the cytotoxicity of DBP mixtures extracted from the water samples was evaluated using human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells and hepatoma HepG2 cells. Our results show that the Lemon + Boiling approach substantially decreased the concentrations of halo-DBPs and the cytotoxicity of tap water. This strategy could be applied to control halo-DBPs, as well as to lower the adverse health effects of halo-DBPs on humans through tap water ingestion. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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