The optimization of bacterial cellulose production and its applications: a review

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising biomaterial due to its specific and excellent properties such as high cellulose purity, mechanical strength, high crystallinity and biodegradability. BC has potential application in electronics, cosmetics, medicine and food and its related products due to its properties. Various chemical compounds have been added to the BC production process to analyse the effect on the BC yield and enhance BC's properties. In this review, we discuss in-situ and ex-situ modifications and biotechnological approach as alternative optimisation methods in BC production. Given that BC has excellent structural characteristics, which lead to better physical and mechanical properties compared with plant cellulose, the properties and applications of BC are also discussed in this paper.