期刊
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
卷 125, 期 5, 页码 508-520出版社
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520002925
关键词
Nuts; Gut microbiome; Gut microbiota; Prebiotics; Systematic reviews; DNA sequencing
资金
- Nuts for Life
- International Nut and Dried Fruit Council
- California Walnut Commission
Nuts consumption has a modest impact on gut microbiota diversity, with specific effects varying among studies. Shifts in microbial composition, particularly the increase in genera producing SCFA, were observed following nut intake. Variations in trial design and individual microbiota may explain inconsistent results across studies.
There is increasing evidence linking the gut microbiota to various aspects of human health. Nuts are a food rich in prebiotic fibre and polyphenols, food components which have been shown to have beneficial effects on the gut microbiota. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence regarding the effect of nut consumption on the human gut microbiota. A systematic search of the databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL and CINAHL was performed until 28 November 2019. Eligible studies were those that investigated the effects of nut consumption in humans (aged over 3 years old), utilising next-generation sequencing technology. Primary outcome measures were between-group differences in alpha- and beta-diversity metrics and gut microbial composition. A total of eight studies were included in the review. Included studies assessed the effects of either almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts or pistachios on the gut microbiota. Overall, nut consumption had a modest impact on gut microbiota diversity, with two studies reporting a significant shift in alpha-diversity and four reporting a significant shift in beta-diversity. Walnuts, in particular, appeared to more frequently explain shifts in beta-diversity, which may be a result of their unique nutritional composition. Some shifts in bacterial composition (including an increase in genera capable of producing SCFA: Clostridium, Roseburia, Lachnospira and Dialister) were reported following the consumption of nuts. Nut intake may yield a modulatory effect on the gut microbiota; however, results were inconsistent across studies, which may be explained by variations in trial design, methodological limitations and inter-individual microbiota.
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