期刊
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
卷 99, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103835
关键词
Triterpene; Saponins; Apoptosis; Drug distribution; Proteomics
资金
- Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST 107-2320-B-002-019-MY3, 104-2320-B-002-008-MY3]
- Academia Sinica Core Facility and Innovative Instrument Project [AS-CFII-108-107]
- Program of Research Performance Enhancement via Students Entering PhD Programs Straight from an Undergraduate/Master's Program from National Taiwan University
A series of N-acyl glucosamine-bearing triterpenoid saponins has been synthesized with cytotoxic activities evaluated against HL-60, PC-3, HCT-116, and CT-26 tumor cells. Saponins incorporated an oleanolic acid (OA) triterpenoidal core exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity. To study the influence of the lengths of acyl-carbon chain on N-position of glucosamine, cells were treated with 28-propargylamides and then reacted with an azidofluorogenic probe under CuAAC click reactions to visualize the intact distributions of these compounds by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry; it was found that cytotoxic-active compounds (30-32) located in the cytosol and inactive compounds bearing longer carbon chains (33-35) were impenetrable across cell membranes. Our study demonstrated the defined lipophilic acyl-carbon chain length can precisely regulate the cytotoxic activity of saponins, which is useful for the future development of cytotoxic agents. Furthermore, using quantitative proteomics and immunolabeling, the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the synthetic saponin after membrane penetration could be a result of activation of death receptor pathway and inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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