期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 74, 2020
卷 74, 期 -, 页码 21-37出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120107
关键词
CRISPR-Cas; anti-CRISPR; bacteriophage; Cas9; immunity
类别
资金
- National Institutes of Health [1R35GM134867]
- Amgen Young Investigator award
- MJ Murdock Charitable Trust
- Montana State University Agricultural Experimental Station
- UCSF Program for Breakthrough Biomedical Research - Sandler Foundation
- NIH Director's Early Independence Award [DP5-OD021344, R01GM127489]
More than 50 protein families have been identified that inhibit CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas-mediated adaptive immune systems. Here, we analyze the available anti-CRISPR (Acr) structures and describe common themes and unique mechanisms of stoichiometric and enzymatic suppressors of CRISPR-Cas. Stoichiometric inhibitors often function as molecular decoys of protein-binding partners or nucleic acid targets, while enzymatic suppressors covalently modify Cas ribonucleoprotein complexes or degrade immune signaling molecules. We review mechanistic insights that have been revealed by structures of Acrs, discuss some of the trade-offs associated with each of these strategies, and highlight how Acrs are regulated and deployed in the race to overcome adaptive immunity.
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