Genome-wide assessment of genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype block structure in Tharparkar cattle breed of India

Knowledge about genetic diversity is very essential for the management and sustainable utilization of livestock genetic resources. In this study, we presented a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of genetic diversity, ROH, inbreeding, linkage disequilibrium, effective population size and haplotype block structure in Tharparkar cattle of India. A total of 24 Tharparkar animals used in this study were genotyped with Illumina BovineSNP50 array. After quality control, 22,825 biallelic SNPs were retained, which were in HWE, MAF > 0.05 and genotyping rate >90%. The overall mean observed (H-O) and expected heterozygosity (H-E) were 0.339 +/- 0.156 and 0.325 +/- 0.129, respectively. The average minor allele frequency was 0.234 with a standard deviation of +/- 0.131. We identified a total of 1832 ROH segments and the highest autosomal coverage of 13.87% was observed on chromosome 23. The genomic inbreeding coefficients estimates by F-ROH, F-HOM, F(GRM)and F(UNI)were 0.0589, 0.0215, 0.0532 and 0.0160 respectively. The overall mean linkage disequilibrium (LD) for a total of 133,532 pairwise SNPs measured byD' andr(2)was 0.6452 and 0.1339, respectively. In addition, we observed a gradual decline in effective population size over the past generations.

Automated summary

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of genetic diversity, ROH, inbreeding, linkage disequilibrium, effective population size, and haplotype block structure in Tharparkar cattle of India. The study reveals high genetic diversity in Tharparkar cattle but a gradual decline in effective population size over past generations.