Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Applications

The recent advances in electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) are thoroughly reviewed. This comprehensive review focuses on the single-atom catalysts (SACs) including Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, W, Bi, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au with single-metal sites or dual-metal sites. The recent development of single-atom electrocatalysts with novel configurations and compositions is documented. The understanding of the process-structure-property relationships is highlighted. For the SACs, their electrocatalytic performance and stability in fuel cells, zinc-air batteries, electrolyzers, CO2RR, and NRR are summarized. The challenges and perspectives in the emerging field of single-atom electrocatalysis are discussed.