Development of MgO-sepoilite Nanocomposites against Phytopathogenic Fungi of Rice (Oryzae sativa): A Green Approach

Innovation in agriculture is a vital organ of research for sustainable food supply to the increasing global population. Organic compounds used as fungicidal agents against seed-borne pathogens are bracketed due to their toxic nature and residual effects, which are either already banned or may get banned in the near future. In this study, the surface and electric properties of nontoxic sepiolite have been blended with the antimicrobial properties of metabolizable MgO nanoforms (nMgO) as a greener alternative to prepare their nanocomposites. We compared a sepiolite-MgO (SE-MgO) nanocomposite with MgO nanoparticles in an aqua dispersed form (aqMgO-NPs) for their antifungal evaluation against various phytopathogenic fungi of rice. The SE-MgO nanocomposite was more potent in comparison to aqMgO-NPs with ED90 > 230 and 249 mu g/mL, respectively, against the test fungi better than standard fungicides. Ultramicroscopic studies revealed hyphal distortion and spore collapse as the cause of antimycotic activity. The in vitro seed treatment revealed 100% hyphal reduction with SE-MgO at 250 mu g/mL of MgO as an active ingredient (a.i.). MgO and sepiolite both have been regarded as safe materials by international agencies; therefore, using their nanocomposites can be an effective, sustainable, nontoxic, eco-friendly, and residue-free strategy for combating fungal menace against phytopathogens.