期刊
ACS OMEGA
卷 5, 期 11, 页码 6122-6129出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00117
关键词
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资金
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- SHARP Research Consortium: Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. (CNRL)
- SHARP Research Consortium: Cenovus Energy
- SHARP Research Consortium: CNOOC International
- SHARP Research Consortium: Devon Canada
- SHARP Research Consortium: Husky Energy
- SHARP Research Consortium: Imperial Oil Limited
- SHARP Research Consortium: Kuwait Oil Company
- SHARP Research Consortium: Osum Oil Sands
- SHARP Research Consortium: Pengrowth Energy
- SHARP Research Consortium: Suncor Energy
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Calgary
- Schulich School of Engineering at the University of Calgary
- Hadhramout University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Hadhramout Establishment for Human Development (HEHD)
We examine the applicability of urea solutions as a novel cost-effective chemical for enhanced oil recovery processes. Two sandpack flooding experiments were conducted using 5 and 10 wt % urea solutions. Another flooding experiment was also carried out using the same sandpack with fresh water and used as a reference. Supporting experiments such as interfacial tension (IFT), viscosity of water in oil (W/O) emulsions, total acid number (TAN), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were conducted to confirm the generation of in situ surfactants by reacting urea solutions with the naphthenic acids in bitumen and evaluate their impact on the oil recovery. The analyses of FTIR, IFT, TAN, and viscosity measurements support the generation of in situ surfactants that leads to the formation of stable water in oil emulsions and hence a more stable displacement front resulting in higher oil recovery.
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