Evaluation of Cloud Microphysical Properties Derived From MODIS and Himawari-8 Using In Situ Aircraft Measurements Over the Southern Ocean

Cloud microphysical properties from aircraft measurements during the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study are used to evaluate the cloud products from the geostationary satellite Himawari-8 (H-8) and the polar-orbiting satellite the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Compared to the in situ aircraft observations when aircraft flew horizontally near cloud tops, the cloud droplet effective radius (r(e)) and number concentration (N-d) from H-8 (MODIS) are 33% (26%-31%) and 2% (9-13%) larger. Both the H-8 and MODIS retrievals behave similarly for liquid-only and mixed-phase low-level clouds, indicating the weak sensitivity of the satellite cloud retrieval performance to cloud phase. The r(e) and N-d of the cloud profiles from aircraft measurements were also used to compare with the satellite product. It shows that H-8 r(e) and N-d agree better with aircraft measurements when considering only the in situ data acquired in the upper portions (highest 20%) of the clouds. Roughly, the r(e) overestimation by H-8 decreases from 18% to 3% when considering the upper portions of clouds compared to all cloud layer averages, except for one case with drizzles appeared. In addition, the performance of MODIS r(e) and N-d is highly dependent on the wavelengths the retrieval method uses. The droplet r(e) retrievals using wavelength of 1.6 mu m have much larger biases than that using the other two channels. The potential effects of the cloud vertical variation and the photon penetration depth, the cloud heterogeneity, the cloud droplet size spectra, and the drizzle on satellite retrievals have also been discussed.