期刊
CELLS
卷 9, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells9040906
关键词
gut microbiota; probiotics; immune regulation; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; multiple sclerosis; adaptive immunity; antigen presenting cells; gut microbiome; gut permeability
类别
资金
- Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- European Union (European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund) A way to build Europe [PI15/00840, PI18/00357, RD16/0015/004, RD16/0015/0019]
- Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR
- Generalitat de Catalunya) [2017SGR527]
Previous studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models have shown that some probiotic bacteria beneficially impact the development of this experimental disease. Here, we tested the therapeutic effect of two commercial multispecies probiotics-Lactibiane iki and Vivomixx-on the clinical outcome of established EAE. Lactibiane iki improves EAE clinical outcome in a dose-dependent manner and decreases central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and inflammation. This clinical improvement is related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory and the stimulation of immunoregulatory mechanisms in the periphery. Moreover, both probiotics modulate the number and phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs). Specifically, Lactibiane iki promotes an immature, tolerogenic phenotype of DCs that can directly induce immune tolerance in the periphery, while Vivomixx decreases the percentage of DCs expressing co-stimulatory molecules. Finally, gut microbiome analysis reveals an altered microbiome composition related to clinical condition and disease progression. This is the first preclinical assay that demonstrates that a commercial probiotic performs a beneficial and dose-dependent effect in EAE mice and one of the few that demonstrates a therapeutic effect once the experimental disease is established. Because this probiotic is already available for clinical trials, further studies are being planned to explore its therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis patients.
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