[18F]FDG-PET/CT Radiomics for Prediction of Bone Marrow Involvement in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Retrospective Study in 97 Patients

Biopsy is the standard for assessment of bone marrow involvement in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We investigated whether [18F]FDG-PET radiomic texture features can improve prediction of bone marrow involvement in MCL, compared to standardized uptake values (SUV), and whether combination with laboratory data improves results. Ninety-seven MCL patients were retrospectively included. SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak and 16 co-occurrence matrix texture features were extracted from pelvic bones on [18F]FDG-PET/CT. A multi-layer perceptron neural network was used to compare three combinations for prediction of bone marrow involvement-the SUVs, a radiomic signature based on SUVs and texture features, and the radiomic signature combined with laboratory parameters. This step was repeated using two cut-off values for relative bone marrow involvement: REL > 5% (>5% of red/cellular bone marrow); and REL > 10%. Biopsy demonstrated bone marrow involvement in 67/97 patients (69.1%). SUVs, the radiomic signature, and the radiomic signature with laboratory data showed AUCs of up to 0.66, 0.73, and 0.81 for involved vs. uninvolved bone marrow; 0.68, 0.84, and 0.84 for REL <= 5% vs. REL > 5%; and 0.69, 0.85, and 0.87 for REL <= 10% vs. REL > 10%. In conclusion, [18F]FDG-PET texture features improve SUV-based prediction of bone marrow involvement in MCL. The results may be further improved by combination with laboratory parameters.