期刊
ACS SENSORS
卷 5, 期 6, 页码 1849-1857出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00877
关键词
molecular material; phthalocyanines; ambipolar materials; molecular semiconductor; relative humidity; ammonia sensor
资金
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the ANR project OUTSMART [ANR-2015-CE39-0004-03]
- European Union (FEDER)
- Conseil Regional de Bourgogne through the FABER
- plan d'actions regional pour l'innovation (PARI CDEA) program
- European Union through the PO FEDER-FSE Bourgogne 2014/2020 via the CoMICS program (Chemistry of Molecular Interactions: Catalysis Sensors)
Although ambipolar materials are highly studied in organic electronics, they are rarely used in gas sensors. In the present work, we studied ammonia sensing on organic heterojunctions in a bilayer configuration composed of octachlorinated metallophthalocyanines (M(Cl8Pc); M: Co, Cu, and Zn) as a sublayer and lutetium bis-phthalocyanine (LuPc2) as a top layer. Despite the small effect of metal atom in M(Cl8Pc) on the device current and the interfacial energy barrier, a strong effect on the NH3 sensing behavior was found such that Co(Cl8Pc)-, Cu(Cl8Pc)-, and Zn(Cl8Pc)-based devices exhibited n-type, p-type, and ambipolar charge carrier transport, respectively. Variable carrier transport has been explained by charges hopping at the interface and subsequent heterojunction formation. In particular, the ambipolar transport regime in Zn(Cl8Pc)-based devices is triggered by the chemical doping from NH3 and water when the device is exposed longer under NH3 at high humidity turning it n-type. Gas sensing studies performed in a wide concentration range of NH3 at a variable relative humidity (rh) exhibited very high sensitivity of these devices. The best performance is obtained with Co(Cl8Pc)-based devices demonstrated by a very high relative response (13% at 10 ppm NH3) and sensitivity (1.47%.ppm(-1)), sub-ppm limit of detection (250 ppb), and negligible interference from rh. Such superior sensing characteristics based on a new heterojunction device make it an ideal NH3 sensor for real application.
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